Article (38)
MORPHOLOGY AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTINOBACTERIA ISOLATES ON SHALLOT
(ALLIUM ASCALONICUM) IN TANAH DATAR REGENCY
Reza Sumarta Ilyas1*, Yenny Liswarni1, Yulmira Yanti1
1Program Studi Proteksi Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas 25163
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Shallots are very important horticultural commodities. The aim of the study was to determine the morphological and physiological characterization of actinobacteria from the roots of shallots in the Tanah Datar Regency. This research is experimental with selected random method (Purposive Random Sampling). 3 villages were selected for each district, 3 jorongs were selected for each village and one field was chosen for each jorong, 3 soil samples were taken on land that had healthy shallot root criteria around the diseased shallot plants with 3-5 weeks of onion plant age. after planting. The results showed that there were 6 isolates of actinobacteria that had been characterized morphologically and physiologically with isolate codes, namely TDTS -6 ISP, TDHB -7 ISP, TDBS -7 ISP, TDSB -6 ISP, TDKB -6 ISP and TDTB -6 ISP. For morphological testing, actinobacteria were found with different mycelium colors. Meanwhile, from the physiological characterization of all isolates found after the hypersensitivity reaction test was carried out, the results were in the form of a negative reaction. This negative reaction indicates that the actinobacteria are not pathogenic. The actinobacteria found have potential as biological control agents.
Key words : Actinobacteria, shallots, characterization, tanah datar
STABILITY OF SOLID FORMULA OF SELECTED ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA AGBE3.1TL ISOLATE
TO INCREASE THE GROWTH CHILI SEEDLING
Asmawati L2, Habazar T3, Lina EC3, Yanti Y3
1Makalah akan dipresentasikan dalam Seminar Nasional: “Sistem Usaha Tani Terpadu untuk Ketahanan
Pangan Mendukung Pertanian Berkelanjutan” tgl. 9 Desember di Padang
2Alumni Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas Padang
3Dosen Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas Padang
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Endophytic bacteria can play an important beneficial role in plant metabolic and physiological processes, such as binding of free nitrogen phosphate, solvens ,hormone supply and others. From previous research it has been found that endophytic bacteria AGBE3.1TL isolate is the best increase the growth of chili seedling. Stability maintenance of the endophytic bacterial AGBE3.1TL during storage is needed through formulation. The research aimed to obtain a stable formula of endophytic bacteria AGBE3.1TL isolate to the growth of chili seedling. The study was a completely randomized design with 24 treatments and three replicated. The study consists of 2 stages: 1) Optimization of the ingredients composition of endophytic bacteria formula, and 2) Stability of endophytic bacteria formula to growth of chili seedling. The AGBE3.1TL endophytic bacteria formula was introduced by lubricating the seeds and seedling’s roots of chili for 15 minutes. The parameters were observed: viability of endophytic bacteria formula AGBE3.1TL and seedling growth. The results showed that viability of endophytic bacteria formula AGBE3.1TL was stable until 6 weeks of strorage. The best formula for increas the chilies growth is the bran + bagasse stored for 2 weeks .
Key words : endophytic bacteria, plant growth booster, chili, formulation
SOLID FORMULATIONS OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA BACILLUS PSEUDOMYCOIDES
SP. NOV STRAIN SLBE 1.1SN AND STORAGE PERIOD FOR CONTROL
OF WHITEFLY (BEMISIA TABACI GENN )
(HEMIPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) IN THE CHILI
Miranti 2, Habazar T3, Reflinaldon3, Yanti Y3
1Makalah akan dipresentasikan dalam Seminar Nasional: “Sistem Usaha Tani Terpadu
untuk Ketahanan Pangan Mendukung Pertanian Berkelanjutan” tgl. 9 Desember di Padang
2Alumni Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas Padang
3Dosen Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas Padang
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Whitefly cause loss yield of chili 20-100 %. As a vector, whitefly cause pepper yellow leave curl virus disease. The bacterial endophyte Bacillus spp. have been reported effective to control whitefly. To be stored for long time the bacteria should be in an formulation. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best formula for endophytic bacteria Bacillus pseudomycoides sp. nov. strain SLBE1.1SN and the best storage period to control whitefly and to increase the growth and yield of chili plants. The research method have been used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 26 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment consisted of 3 kind of carrier material for formulation of endophytic bacteria such as bagasse rice bran, rice straw and 3 combinations of each carrier (1:1 w/w) storage period (0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks), insecticides (Imidacloprid), and control. The formulation was introduced in the seed (seeding) and seedlings (planting) of chili. Whitefly was bred and infested before planting in the area. The variable were observed the viability of B. pseudomycoides sp. nov. strain SLBE1.1SN in the formula, population development of whitefly (eggs, nymph and imago). The results showed that the best formulation of the endophytic bacteria B. pseudomycoides sp. nov. strain SLBE1.1SN in control whitefly are rice straw stored for 4 weeks, has almost the same ability as insecticides.
Key words : Bacillus pseudomycoides sp. nov. strain SLBE1.1SN, chili, solid formulations, whitefly.
MORFOLOGI DAN KARAKTERISASI ISOLAT AKTINOBAKTERIA PADA
TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) DI KABUPATEN SOLOK
Sixsri Selviana1, Yulmira Yanti1, Yenny Liswarni1
Program Studi Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
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Actinobacteria are a group of Gram-positive bacteria that are rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic and have branched mycelia resembling a fungus. Actinobacteria are one of the largest bacterial phyla in colonized terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, can live in extreme environments, contain secondary metabolites that are useful for biotechnology and agriculture. Although actinobacteria are unicellular like bacteria in general, the walls of actinobacteria are different from ordinary bacteria, where actinobacteria have an uninsulated and slender mycelium. This study aims to determine the morphology and characterization of actinobacteria isolates on shallot plants. This study used a randomly selected method. Samples were taken in Solok district, 3 Nagari were selected from shallot plantations. Actinobacteria isolation as much as 1 gram of soil sample was put into a test tube containing 9 ml of sterile distilled water, homogenized with a vortex, then diluted to 10-7. The suspension from the 10 -6 and 10-7 dilutions was taken 1 ml and then put in a test tube that already contained each ISP2 medium, and the SCA media that had been thawed were then homogenized with a vortex. The suspension was put into a petri dish and incubated for 4x24 hours. The results showed that from the isolation results obtained 11 actinobacteria isolates with diverse morphology and characterization, this can be seen from the various forms and colors of actinobacteria. The morphology and characteristics of actinobacteria that have different spiral-shaped spore chains and some do not have spirals and the hyphae of actinobacteria vary.
Key words : Actinobacteria, shallots, characterization, morphology.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ROTTEN MUSHROOMS SALAK AFTER EXPOSURE OF
CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL WITH DIFFERENT TIME INTERVALS
Ilham Rahmanda Putra1 , Yulmira Yanti2, Riska3
1Mahasiswa Proteksi Tanaman
2Dosen Proteksi Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas
3Peneliti Balai Penelitian Buah Tropika
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Salak fruit has easily damaged and short-lived properties. Control of rotten diseases taper tip can use clove essential oil containing eugenol compounds are antifungi. Experiment experimentally with a complete randomized design (RAL) 6 treatment. Each treatment is repeated 5 times. Observations of rotten salak fruit obtained from traditional markets showed that the symptoms of the disease seen on the skin of the fruit in the form of a bunch of white and black mushroom mycelium caused by thielaviopsis paradoxa. The highest intensity of disease severity was in treatments B (12 hours) and E (72 hours) which was 63%. Then followed by treatment C (24 hours) which is 56%, treatment A (6 hours) as much as 53%, and treatment D (48 hours) as much as 50%.
Key words : Salak, Clove essential oil, Thielaviopsis paradoxa
ANTAGONIST TEST Trichoderma spp. ON THE GROWTH OF Sclerotium rolfsii
CAUSES OF ILES-ILES ROOT NECK ROT
Andini Widiastuti1, Yulmira Yanti1, Rita Harni2
1Program Studi Proteksi Tanaman, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
2Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar, Parungkuda-Sukabumi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
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Trichoderma spp. have been found and have various antagonistic abilities against plant pathogens. Trichoderma is one of the biological agents that can suppress the growth of plant pathogens by various mechanisms such as antibiosis, competition and parasitism. The aim of this study was to obtain in vitro Trichoderma isolates which were antagonistic to the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii which causes of Iles-iles root neck rot. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of LP1 (Trichoderma virens), LP2 (Trichoderma hamatum), LP3 (Trichoderma amazonicum), JB2 (Trichoderma atroviride), PRD (Trichoderma viride), and control treatments. The isolates of T. atroviride (79.58%) and T. hamatum (70.04%) were effective to inhibit the growth of S. rolfsii.
Key words : Antagonist, iles-iles, root neck rot, Sclerotium rolfsii, Trichoderma spp.
FORMULATION OF Bacillus toyonensis strain AGBE1.2.TL BASED ON ORGANIC
WASTE FOR CONTROL OF Colletotrichum capsici IN CHILLI
Mega Putri Tanjung1, Yulmira Yanti1*, Hasmiandy Hamid1, Nurbailis1, Zulfadhli Syarif2
1Program Studi Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Andalas, Padang,
2Program Agronomi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
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Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum capsici is an important disease in chili that can reduce yield of 60- 100%. Utilization of Bacillus toyonensis strain AGBE1.2.TL in the formulation is an alternative control that is cheap and environmentally friendly. The aim of the study was to obtain the best organic waste-based formulation of Bacillus toyonensis strain AGBE1.2.TL for controlling Colletotrichum capsici and increasing chili growth. This research is experimental using RAL which consists of 12 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment consisted of a combination of carrier materials consisting of organic waste sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and bran, fungicides and controls. The introduction of each formula on the seeds and roots of chili seedlings aged 21 days by soaking for 15 minutes. Colletotrichum capsici was inoculated on chili 72 days old. The results showed that the best Bacillus toyonensis AGBE1.2.TL formula for controlling Colletotrichum capsici and increasing chili growth was the formula JP+AT, D+JP, and D+AT for 6 weeks storage.
Key words : chili, Colletorichum capsici, formulation, organic waste, viability
CONSORTIA Bacillus spp. FOR CONTROL OF Sclerotium rolfsii IN CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.)
Noveriza Hermeria1*,, Yulmira Yanti1Nurbailis1, Ujang Khairul1
1 Program Studi Proteksi Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas 25163
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Sclerotium rolfsii is a soil-borne pathogenic fungus on chili plants that can cause yield losses of up to 40-75%. The consortium of endophytic bacteria Bacillus spp as biological agents is a relatively inexpensive and environmentally friendly control method. The aim of this study was to obtain the best consortium of Bacillus spp. isolates for the control of Sclerotium rolfsii. This research is an experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments of the Bacillus spp consortium, namely Treatment A (AGBE 2.1 TL + SLBE 2.3 BB), Treatment B (AGBE 2.1 TL + SLBE 1.1 BB), Treatment C (SLBE 2.3 BB). +SLBE 1.1 BB), Treatment D (AGBE 2.1 TL+SLBE 1.1 BB+SLBE 2.3 BB), Positive control (plants without S. rolfsii inoculation and without introduction of Bacillus spp.), Negative control (plants inoculated with S. rolfsii without introduction of Bacillus spp. ), comparison control (with Mankozeb administration) with 6 replicates each. Each consortium of Bacillus spp. endophytic bacteria was introduced to chili seeds and seedlings. The results showed that almost all consortiums of endophytic bacteria Bacillus spp were able to suppress the development of Sclerotium rolfsii both in the nursery phase and in the field. The B. toyonensis AGBE 2.1 TL+ B. thuringiensis SLBE 2.3 BB consortium was the best consortium in suppressing the development of seedling fall and stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii.
Key words : stem rot, chili, consortium, seedling fall, Sclerotium rolfsii,
POTENSI RIZOBAKTERI DALAM MENGENDALIKAN HAMA Crocidolomia pavonana F.
(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) PADA TANAMAN KUBIS
Vajri IY1, Trizelia2*,Rahma H 3
¹-3Program Studi Ilmu Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Faperta Universitas Andalas,
Kampus Unand Limau Manis Padang 25163 Sumatera Barat,
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Crocidolomia pavonana merupakan salah satu hama penting yang membatasi produksi tanaman kubis. Alternatif pengendalian dengan penggunaan mikrorganisme yang berpotensi menekan perkembangan hama ini diantaranya dengan memanfaatkan rizobakteri. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan isolat rizobakteri yang virulen terhadap larva C. pavonana. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Andalas, Padang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 10 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari beberapa isolat rizobakteri diantaranya 3 isolat Bacillus thuringiensis (KJKB2, KJKB3 dan BAKB), Bacillus subtilis (KJTSB), 3 isolat Serratia marcescens (AR1, AR2 dan RK10), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (LMTSA) serta kontrol negatif (Aquadest steril) dan kontrol positif (insektisida Sipermetrin). Uji Virulensi dilakukan dengan metode perendaman benih dalam suspensi yang mengandung rizobakteri dengan kerapatan populasi 108 sel/ml. Variabel yang diamati adalah mortalitas larva, persentase pembentukan pupa dan imago serta peningkatan produksi asam salisilat. Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut LSD pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua isolat rizobakteri dapat mematikan larva C. pavonana dan mampu menghambat perkembangan biologi serangga tersebut. Bacillus thuringiensis KJKB7.3 menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dengan nilai mortalitas paling tinggi (62.67%). Perendaman benih kubis dengan rizobakteri dapat meningkatkan kandungan asam salisilat.
Key words : Pengendalian Hayati, rizobakteri, Bacillus spp, Serratia marcescens, Croccidolomia pavonana, asam salisilat.
SELEKSI AKTINOBAKTERIA INDIGENOUS UNTUK PENGENDALIAN
PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA DAN PENINGKATAN
PERTUMBUHAN SERTA HASIL TANAMAN CABAI
Mila Syahputri, Yulmira Yanti, Nurbailis
Program Studi Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Andalas,
Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
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Penyakit antraknosa pada cabai disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum capsici, yang merupakan salah satu penyakit penting dan sulit dikendalikan. Salah satu alternatif pengendalian dengan pengendalian hayati menggunakan Aktinobakteria. Aktinobakteria merupakan golongan bakteri Gram positif dan termasuk bakteri yang dominan di tanah serta memiliki kemampuan dalam melindungi tanaman dari serangan patogen. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan isolat Aktinobakteria yang berpotensi mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa dan peningkatan pertumbuhan serta hasil tanaman cabai. Penelitian terdiri atas 2 tahap yaitu 1.) Seleksi isolat Aktinobakteria untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit cabai dengan 23 perlakuan isolat Aktinobakteria (hasil seleksi uji hipersensitif), 1 kontrol dan 1 fungisida berbahan aktif mankozeb dengan 6 ulangan, disusun dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap 2.) Seleksi Aktinobakteria untuk mengendalikan Colletotrichum capsici dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman cabai dengan 16 perlakuan isolat Aktinobakteria (hasil seleksi tahap I) 1 kontrol positif, 1 kontrol negatif dan perlakuan mankozeb dengan 6 ulangan, disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Peubah yang diamati adalah pengamatan ciri morfologi, uji Gram, reaksi hipersensitif, uji patogenisitas, pertumbuhan tanaman dan perkembangan penyakit. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 6 isolat Aktinobakteria yang memiliki potensi dalam mengendalikan patogen Colletotrichum capsici dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman dengan kode ARAI 3221, ARAC 3221, ARAC 2211, ARAI 3312, dan ARSI 2112.
Key words : Aktinobakteria, antraknosa, cabai, Colletotrichum capsici, eksplorasi
